a. Tujuan :
Mendeskripsikan ciri-ciri seseorang, benda, atau tempat tertentu.
b. Struktur Teks :
1. Introduction Pengenalan benda, orang, sesuatu yang dideskripsikan.
2. Description : menggambarkan ciri-ciri benda tersebut, misalnya : berasal dari mana, warnanya, ukurannya, kesukaannya dan sebagainya. Deskripsi ini hanya memberi informasi mengenai benda, tempat, atau orang yang dibahas saja, misalnya deskripsi tentang “My Dog”. Ciri-ciri “ anjing saya tersebut dimungkinkan berbeda dari anjing yang lain.
Parts of Descriptive Text
c. Ciri kebahasaan :
1. Nouns tertentu/ specific / bukan hal yang berlaku secara umum atau general (subject yang dideskripsikan dan benda lain yang berhubungan dengan itu), misalnya teacher, house, my cat, etc.
2. Simple Present Tense ↔ Perhatikan bentuk kata kerja yang dicetak miring pada contoh teks. * Lihat keterangan pada Tenses.
3. Detailed noun phrase (frase yang bergaris bawah) untuk memberikan informasi tentang subject. Misal: There is a lady. She is sweet. She is young. ↔ She is a sweet young lady.
4. Berbagai macam adjectives/ kata sifat ↔ menerangkan kata benda yang mengikutinya, yang bersifat:
a. Describing: menjelaskan kualitas (good, bad, beautiful, etc), ukuran (big, small, huge, tiny, etc), umur (old, young, new, antique, etc), warna (red, green, black, etc), asal (Swiss, American, Javanese, etc), bentuk (round, square, oval, etc), bahan (wool, wooden, cotton, etc)
b. Limiting: membatasi kata benda yang diterangkan.
c. Cardinal numbers (one, two, three, etc)
d. Ordinal numbers/ urutan (first, second, third, etc)
e. Possessive/ milik (my, your, his, her, their, our, its) Ket lain lihat table of Pronouns
f. Demonstrative/ penunjuk (this, that, these, those)
g. Quantity/ jumlah (few, many, little, much, etc) ket lain lihat Expressions of Quantity
i. Articles/ kata sandang (a, an, the) ket lain lihat Adverbs of Quantity
j. Kita juga dapat menggunakan bentuk perbandingan dari adjectives dalam teks ini.
k. Relating verbs (bercetak tebal) untuk memberikan informasi tentang subject terutama dalam kalimat nominal/kalimat tanpa kata kerja, misal: My mother is kind, The boys are naughty, I am tall, She was under the tree, They were JHS students.
l. Thinking verbs dan feeling verbs (bercetak tebal) untuk mengungkapkan pandangan pribadi penulis tentang subject, misal I believe the dog is quite tame, We think it is a clever animal.
m. Action verbs ↔ lihat ket pada Simple Present Tense
n. Adverbials untuk memberi informasi tambahan tentang perilaku tersebut.
o. Adverbs of place (kata keterangan tempat) ↔ menjawab pertanyaan “Where”, misal: in the garden, in the fishpond, etc.
p.Adverbs of time (kata keterangan waktu) ↔ menjawab pertanyaan “When”, misal: in the morning, at night, etc.
q. Adverbs of manners (kata keterangan cara) ↔ menjawab pertanyaan “How”, misal: quickly, fast, diligently, etc. Ket lain lihat pada bagian “Adjeectives Vs Adverbs”.
r. Adverbs of frequency (keterangan keseringan/ frekuensi melakukan sesuatu) ↔ menjawab pertanyaan “How often/ How many times”, misal: always, often, seldom, once, twice, etc. Ket lain baca ket pada Simple Present Tense.
s. Adverbs of degree (kata keterangan tingkatan) ↔ menjawab pertanyaan “In what degree”
t. Bahasa figurative/ perumpamaan, seperti simile, metaphore, personification misalnya: Jack is white as chalk.
Perhatikan Video tentang Descriptive Text berikut ini
d. Contoh teks :
Teks A
Jojo is a clown. He has a funny smile on his lips. He has a red, round nose. He wears a blue hat on his head. He has yellow, curly hair. He holds a bunch of big, colorful balloons in his hand. Children love to watch him. He makes them laugh.
Teks B
Susan and Bob have a beautiful garden in front of their house. Butterflies and bees fly among the pretty flowers. There is a nest in the tree. They can see many red ants on the tree, too. Sometimes, they find little green caterpillars on the leaves. Bob and Susan love to see these small creatures in their garden.
Teks C
I have a pet. It is a dog, and I call it Brownie. Brownie is a Chinese breed. It is small, fluffy, and cute. It has got thick brown fur. When I cuddle it, the fur feels soft. Brownie doesn’t like bones. Every day it eats soft food like steamed rice, fish or bread. Every morning, I give her milk and bread. When I am at school, Brownie plays with my cat. They get along well, and never fight maybe because Brownie does not bark a lot. It treats other animals in my house gently and it never eats shoes. Brownie is really a sweet and friendly animal.
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